(i) Patrons were important as they paid artists and sculptors to produce works of art and buy material

 

(ii) 1. Lorenzo De Medici

     2. The Popes

 

(iii) 1. Perspective

      2. Sfumato

      3. Oil Painting

 

(iv) (b) Science and medicine: During the renaissance many important scientific and medical discoveries were made. Galileo was one of the best known scientists of this era. He improved upon the telescope which was originally invented by the polish scientist Copernicous. Galileo also invented the compass and the thermometer. One of Galileos thereoms "The Theory of Falling Bodies" was discovered during the renassiance which proposed that all objects fall at the same speed. He proved this theory by dropping different items from the Leaning tower of Pisa and realised they all fell at the same speed. He along with scientists like Copernicous believed that the sun not the Earth was at the center of the solar system and were able to probe this with a more powerful telescope. However, these beliefs went against those of the church and the pope declared him a heretic. He was later placed under house arrest for his crimes. However after some time people began to agree with Galileos teachings. Some important medical discoveries were also made during this time such as the fact the heart acts like a pump sending blood around the body.

 

(C) Sculpture: One of the most famous sculptors of the renaissance was Michelangelo Buonarroti. Michelangelo was born near florence and apprenticed to Ghirlandaio. Some of Michelangelos masterpieces include the Pieta and Dave. He sculpted "David" from a single piece of marble and was placed in the central square of Florence. The Pieta depicted Jesus Christ in the arms of Mary following his cruxifiction and he sculpted this following the death of his patron Lorenzo De Medici. Another famous sculptor from this time was Donatello. Donatello unlike Michelangelo sculpted from metals like bronze. He too sculpted "David" but his was samller and sculpted from bronze. Donatello was in fact one of Michelangelos inspiration. Donatello was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman works. It was in fact from the bible that he got the inspiration for Dave from the hero David who slew the giant Goliath