A

(i) Area around Dublin under direct English rule

 

(ii) Offaly & Laois Plantaion: Queen Mary   

 

(iii) To stop attacks on the Pale/ To spread Protestantism

 

B. Sources E and F

(i) Build a stone house with a strong court or a bawn about it.  

 

(ii) A walled enclosure.

 

(iii) To defend the planters against attacks from the native Irish. 

 

The Plantation I studied was the Ulster Plantation:

 

C. Religion: Before the O'Donnels and O'Neills were removed and their lands taken away their main religion would have been Catholicism. However, when the settlers took control there were two different main religions. These religions were English Protestantism and Scottish Presbyterianism. As a result of these religions Churches of England were set up in new plantation towns to meet the demands of the people. There was a large amount of hatred between the Irish people who lost land and the the English and Scottish settlers who now owned the majority of Ulster which was not helped by the Religious divisions between them which caused many conflicts. Later Penal Laws were introduced which led to further discrimination against catholics

 

Culture and Customs: The English settlers and native Irish had very little in common. The native Irish had their own language, their owns laws (Brehon law) and their owns customs such as funerals, leisure time and literature. The new English and Scottish settlers brough their own language and religions which were often forced upon the Irish people. The English had their own town planning methods, laws and farming methods. They built towns with central square called diamonds and straight streets. They also had different laws and they built courthouses in every town to enforce common law. They introduced new farming methods which involved crop rotation and stronger breeds of cattle. They built stone houses with chimmneys and stone walls around their towns to keep the irish out.