The Reformation Questions
2015 Q.3 Short Questions (2 Questions)
(vi) Give two reasons why many people thought the Catholic Church was in need of reform around 1500 (2)
(vii) Mention two ways in which the Catholic Church tried to stop the spread of the Protestant religion during the sixteenth century (2)
2014 Q.3 Short Questions (2 Questions)
(vii) Name one sixteenth-century religious reformer and one of that reformer’s beliefs. (2)
Reformer:
Belief:
(viii) Give two consequences of the Reformation in Europe during the period 1517-1648. (2)
2013 Q.2 Documents Question 1
2. DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT 1
William Lithgow describes the spectacle of an auto da fé (burning at the stake), a punishment carried out by order of the Spanish Inquisition during the sixteenth century.
In the great square was raised a high scaffold. From seven in the morning until the evening, criminals, both men and women, were brought. All the Inquisitions in the kingdom had sent their prisoners here. Twenty men and women [in this instance, Protestants], with one Muslim, were ordered to be burned. Fifty Jews and Jewesses never before imprisoned were sentenced to a long imprisonment and to wear a yellow cap; and ten others, found guilty of bigamy, witchcraft and other crimes, were sentenced to be whipped and then sent to the galleys. The stakes... are about 12 feet high. The condemned go up a ladder between two priests, who spend nearly 15 minutes persuading them to be reconciled to the See of Rome [Pope]. When they refuse, the priests come down and the executioner chains them to the stake and leaves them. Then the priests go up a second time to renew their exhortations; and if they find them ineffective, tell them “they leave them to the Devil, who is standing at their elbow ready to receive their souls, and carry them with him into the flames of hell-fire”. The people then cry out “Let the dog's beards be made!” which means, burn their beards. This is performed when flaming branches are pushed against their faces with long poles. This barbarity is repeated until their faces are burnt. Fire is then set to the stakes, and the criminals are consumed in the flames. The bravery of the 21 men and women in suffering the horrid death was truly astonishing; some thrust their hands and feet into the flames with most dauntless bravery; and all of them yielded to their fate with such acceptance that many of the amazed spectators felt pity that such heroic souls had not been more enlightened.
Source
Question
(a) DOCUMENT 1
William Lithgow’s description of an auto-da-fé (burning at the stake), a punishment carried out by order of the Court of Inquisition during the sixteenth century.
(i) How many of the condemned prisoners were Protestants? (1)
(ii) Mention one punishment given to the Jews and Jewesses. (1)
(iii) Why did the priests climb the ladder with the condemned prisoners? (1)
(iv) Give two pieces of evidence to show that William Lithgow had sympathy for the prisoners. (2)
(v) Name two countries that set up Courts of Inquisition during the Counter-Reformation to stop the spread of Protestantism. (2)
2013 Q.3 Short Questions (1 Question)
(vii) Give two effects of the development of the printing press. (2)
2013 Q.4 People in History:
Write about the following:
A. (iii) A named religious reformer at the time of the Reformation. (20)
2012 Q.5 Source Question
SOURCE D
An edited extract from Martin Luther’s letter to the Archbishop of Mainz, 1517:
Papal indulgences for the building of St. Peter’s are being distributed under your most distinguished name. I do not bring accusation against the preachers so much as I grieve over the wholly false impressions, which the people get from them - the unhappy souls believe that if they have purchased letters of indulgence they are sure of their salvation; they believe that so soon as they cast their contributions into the money-box, souls fly out of purgatory and there is no sin too great to be absolved (forgiven).
Source E:
SOURCE F
An edited extract from Exsurge Domine, the Papal Bull of Pope Leo X issued June 15, 1520.
Alas, we have even seen with our eyes and read the many errors that are heretical, false, scandalous, and offensive to pious ears. We have therefore held a careful inquiry and we have found that these errors or theses are not Catholic, but rather are against the doctrine and tradition of the Catholic Church. As far as Martin himself is concerned, O good God, what have we overlooked or not done? What fatherly charity have we omitted that we might call him back from such errors? For wishing to deal more kindly with him, we urged him through various meetings with our representative and through our personal letters to abandon these errors. We have even offered him safe conduct and the money necessary for the journey to come without fear to talk openly and face to face. But he always refused to listen. Therefore: We ask him earnestly that he and his supporters desist within sixty days, counting from the publication of this bull from preaching, from publishing books and pamphlets concerning some or all of their errors. Furthermore, all writings which contain some or all of his errors are to be burned. Furthermore, this Martin is to recant perpetually such errors and views. Or he should personally, with safe conduct, inform us of his recantation by coming to Rome. We would prefer this latter way in order that no doubt remain of his sincere obedience. If, however, this Martin and his supporters much to our regret, should stubbornly not comply, we shall condemn this Martin and his supporters as stubborn and public heretics.
Source: www.fordham.edu
Source:
Question
A. Sources D and E
(i) According to Source D, for what purpose were the papal indulgences being distributed? (2)
(ii) What is Luther’s objection to the papal indulgence? (2)
(iii) What later action supposedly taken by Luther is shown in Source E? (2)
B. Source F
(i) What was the result of the Pope’s inquiry? (2)
(ii) Give two pieces of evidence to show that the Pope wished to deal kindly with Luther. (2)
(iii) Mention two activities which Luther and his supporters must end within 60 days. (4)
(iv) From your study of the Reformation, give two differences between the beliefs of a named reformer and the beliefs of the Catholic Church. (4)
C. (i) Write an account of one of the following elements of the Catholic Counter-Reformation:
(a) The Council of Trent.
(b) The Court of Inquisition.
(c) The Jesuits. (12)
2011 Q.3 Short Questions (1 Question)
(x) Name the religious order founded by St Ignatius Loyola to promote the Catholic religion during the Counter-Reformation. (2)
2010 Q.3 Short Questions (2 Questions)
(x) Give two reasons why many people thought the Catholic Church was in need of reform around 1500. (2)
(x) During the period of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, what was the Inquisition? (2)